Kalúga is a city and the administrative center of Kaluga Oblast, Russia, located on the Oka River 150 kilometers southwest of Moscow. Population: 324,698 ; 334,751 ; 311,319 .Kaluga is known for its most famous resident, Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, a rocket science pioneer who worked here as a school teacher. The Tsiolkovsky State Museum of the History of Cosmonautics in Kaluga is dedicated to his theoretical achievements and their practical implementations for modern space research, hence the motto on the city's coat of arms: "The Cradle of Space Exploration".
