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ルーマニア

ルーマニア România 国の標語:なし 国歌:Deșteaptă-te române!(ルーマニア語)目覚めよ、ルーマニア人! ルーマニア(羅: România)は、東ヨーロッパ、ヨーロッパの南東部に位置する共和制国家。南西にセルビア、北西にハンガリー、北にウクライナ、北東にモルドバ、南にブルガリアと国境を接し、東は黒海に面している。首都はブカレストである。国の中央をほぼ逆L字のようにカルパティア山脈が通り、山脈に囲まれた北西部の平原のトランシルヴァニア、ブルガリアに接するワラキア、モルドバに接するモルダヴィア、黒海に面するドブロジャの4つの地方に分かれている。 ルーマニアの住民は、紀元前からこの地方に住んでいたトラキア系のダキア人と、2世紀ごろにこの地方を征服したローマ人、7世紀から8世紀ごろに侵入したスラブ人、9世紀から10世紀に侵入したマジャール人、そのほかにトルコ人、ゲルマン人などの混血や同化によって、重層的複合的に形成されたなどとされる複合民族 români(ロムニ、ルーマニア人)が約9割を占める(なお、români(ルーマニア人)の起源については諸説ある)。そして少数のマジャール系のセーケイ人やロマ人(≒ジプシー)なども住んでいる。 なおルーマニアというのは言語的には公用語がラテン語起源の(つまりロマンス諸語の)ルーマニア語で、宗教的には「東方教会」系のルーマニア正教会が多数派である。それに対し、ポーランド(ヨーロッパの北東部で、ルーマニアの北西方向に位置する国)のほうは同じ「東欧」と言っても、言語的にはスラヴ語派に属するポーランド語がおもに話されており、宗教的には「西方教会」のカトリック教会が支配的である。つまり、ルーマニアとポーランドは、東欧において、言語的にも宗教的にも好対照の存在となっている。

National Museum of Art of Romania

ブカレスト

The National Museum of Art of Romania is located in the Royal Palace in Revolution Square, central Bucharest. It features collections of medieval and modern Romanian art, as well as the international collection assembled by the Romanian royal family. The exhibition "Shadows and Light" ran from 15 July to 2 October 2005. With four centuries of French art, it was the largest exhibition of French painting in Central and Eastern Europe since 1945. 77 works were exhibited, including masterpieces by painters such as Poussin, Chardin, Ingres, David, Delacroix, Corot, Cézanne, Matisse, Picasso, and Braque.

Brukenthal National Museum

シビウ

The Brukenthal National Museum is a museum in Sibiu, Transylvania, Romania, established in the late 18th century by Samuel von Brukenthal in his city palace. Baron Brukenthal, governor of the Grand Principality of Transylvania has established his first collections around 1790. The collections were officially opened to the public in 1817, making the museum the oldest institution of its kind on the territory of modern-day Romania. Today, in its extended form, it is a complex comprising six museums, which, without being separate administrative entities, are situated in different locations around the city and have their own distinct cultural programmes.

Muzeul de Artă din Cluj-Napoca

Agnita

The Museum of Cluj-Napoca or National Art Museum, Cluj-Napoca, is an art museum housed in an important eighteenth-century Baroque building, the Cluj-Napoca Bánffy Palace, designed by German architect Johann Eberhard Blaumann. The museum possesses a very valuable collection of Romanian and European art: paintings, graphics and decorative art ranging from the Fifteenth Century to the Twentieth.

Zambaccian Museum

ブカレスト

The Zambaccian Museum in Bucharest, Romania is a museum in the former home of Krikor Zambaccian , a businessman and art collector. The museum was founded in the Dorobanți neighbourhood in 1947, closed by the Ceauşescu regime in 1977, and re-opened in 1992. It is now a branch of The National Museum of Art of Romania. Its collection includes works by Romanian artists—including a masterful portrait of Zambaccian himself by Corneliu Baba—and works by several French impressionists. It is located not far from Piaţa Dorobanţilor on a street now renamed after Zambaccian. At the time the museum was founded, the act of donation stated that it must be housed in Zambaccian's former home. However, after the 1977 Bucharest earthquake , the Romanian government created the Museum of Art Collections, consolidating many of the city's smaller museums . The Zambaccian collection still resided at the Museum of Art Collections at the time of the Romanian Revolution of 1989; it was returned to its historic location in 1992. Artists in the collection include Romanians Ion Andreescu, Corneliu Baba, Apcar Baltazar, Henri Catargi, Alexandru Ciucurencu, Horia Damian, Nicolae Dărăscu, Lucian Grigorescu, Nicolae Grigorescu, Iosif Iser, Ştefan Luchian, Samuel Mutzner, Alexandru Padina, Theodor Pallady, Gheorghe Petrașcu, Vasile Popescu, Camil Ressu, and Nicolae Tonitza, and French artists Pierre Bonnard, Paul Cézanne—the museum has the only Cézanne in Romania—, Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot, Eugène Delacroix, André Derain, Raoul Dufy, Albert Marquet, Henri Matisse, Camille Pissarro, Pierre-Auguste Renoir, and Maurice Utrillo, as well as pieces by two other artists who worked in France, the Spaniard Pablo Picasso and the Englishman Alfred Sisley. The courtyard features a large sculpture by Romanian sculptor Oscar Han; other sculptors with works in the collection are Constantin Brâncuși, Cornel Medrea, Miliţa Pătraşcu, Dimitrie Paciurea, and Frederic Storck; Storck's own former home, also in the north end of Bucharest, is also now a museum.

National Military Museum, Romania

ブカレスト

The National Military Museum , located at 125-127 Mircea Vulcănescu St., Bucharest, Romania, was established on 18 December 1923 by King Ferdinand I. It has been at its present site since 1988, in a building finished in 1898.