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Oxford / Reino Unido

Oxford , em português chamada Oxónia ou Oxônia ou Oxforde, é uma cidade e distrito de governo local do condado de Oxfordshire, Inglaterra, Reino Unido, com uma população de 134.248 habitantes . A Carfax Tower é normalmente considerada o centro da cidade. Está situada às margens do rio Tâmisa, que aí é chamado de rio Ísis. Oxford, a cidade dos "Dreaming Spires", é famosa mundialmente pela sua universidade e lugar na história. A universidade de Oxford é a mais antiga das universidades de língua inglesa, considerado uma das 10 melhores universidades do mundo. Um engano comum cometido por turistas recém-chegados é perguntar onde fica o campo da Universidade de Oxford que na verdade não existe, como em universidades modernas, mas sim é composto por cerca de 40 colégios espalhados pela cidade. Dentre os mais antigos e famosos colégios encontram-se Magdalen, New College, Christ Church, St. Johns, Somerville, Brasenose e All Souls. Entre seus famosos alumni destacam-se então-futuros reis, presidentes e outros famosos estadistas além de estudiosos, cientistas, escritores, ganhadores do Prêmio Nobel, atores e demais. Dentre esses Margaret Thatcher, Bill Clinton, Tony Blair, Indira Gandhi, C. S. Lewis , J. R. R. Tolkien , Edmund Halley, que deu o nome ao famoso cometa, Robert Hooke, Dorothy Hodgkin, Lewis Carroll , Benazir Bhutto, Manfred von Richthofen , Oscar Wilde, Vera Brittain, Iris Murdoch, e Theo James . Por mais de 800 anos, foi um lar da realeza e estudiosos, e desde o século IX oficializada cidade. No século XVII, durante a segunda guerra civil Inglesa, foi sede da corte do rei Carlos I, então refugiado de Londres pelos parlamentaristas. Como consequência, houve diversas batalhas ao longo de 5 anos onde o exército roialista atacava ou defendia-se do parlamentarista e refugiava-se em Oxford até sua derrota e consequente fuga de Carlos I em 1646. A fama de cidade universitária inglesa é dividida com sua eterna rival, Cambridge. Recentemente, seus "colleges" foi escolhido para servir de cenário para filmagens do filme Harry Potter. Oxford também foi berço de livros importantes e famosos na literatura mundial, como Alice no País das Maravilhas de Lewis Carroll, O Senhor dos Anéis de J. R. R. Tolkien, e muitos outros. O pub The Eagle and The Child era até um dos lugares preferidos de Tolkien.

St John's College, Oxford

Oxford / Reino Unido

St John's College is a constituent college of the University of Oxford. Founded as a men's college in 1555, it has been coeducational since 1979. Its founder, Sir Thomas White, intended to provide a source of educated Roman Catholic clerics to support the Counter-Reformation under Queen Mary. St John's is the wealthiest college in Oxford, with a financial endowment of £573 million as of 2019, largely due to nineteenth century suburban development of land in the city of Oxford of which it is the ground landlord.The college occupies a central location on St Giles' and has a student body of approximately 390 undergraduates and 250 postgraduates. As well as over 100 academic staff, the college is supported by a similar number of other staff. It is amongst the most academic of all Oxford colleges; in 2018 St John's topped the Norrington Table, the annual ranking of Oxford colleges' final results.

Worcester College, Oxford

Oxford / Reino Unido

Worcester College is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in England. The college was founded in 1714 by the benefaction of Sir Thomas Cookes, 2nd Baronet of Norgrove, Worcestershire, whose coat of arms was adopted by the College. Its predecessor, Gloucester College, had been an institution of learning on the same site since the late 13th century until the Dissolution of the Monasteries in 1539. Founded as a men's college, Worcester has been coeducational since 1979.As of 2018, Worcester College had a financial endowment of £41.9 million.Notable alumni of the college include the media mogul Rupert Murdoch, television producer and screenwriter Russell T Davies, US Supreme Court justice Elena Kagan, Fields Medalist Simon Donaldson, and novelist Richard Adams. Worcester is consistently one of the most popular Oxford colleges amongst prospective applicants.

Wadham College, Oxford

Oxford / Reino Unido

Wadham College is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in the United Kingdom. It is located in the centre of Oxford, at the intersection of Broad Street and Parks Road. Wadham College was founded in 1610 by Dorothy Wadham, according to the will of her late husband Nicholas Wadham , a member of an ancient Devon and Somerset family. The central buildings, a notable example of Jacobean architecture, were designed by the architect William Arnold and erected between 1610 and 1613. They include a large and ornate Hall. Adjacent to the central buildings are the Wadham Gardens. Amongst Wadham's most famous alumni is Sir Christopher Wren. Wren was one of a brilliant group of experimental scientists at Oxford in the 1650s, the Oxford Philosophical Club, which included Robert Boyle and Robert Hooke. This group held regular meetings at Wadham College under the guidance of the warden, John Wilkins, and the group formed the nucleus which went on to found the Royal Society. Wadham is a liberal and progressive college which aims to maintain the diversity of its student body and a friendly atmosphere. Founded as a men's college, in 1974 it was among the first become coeducational, and the college has a strong reputation as a promoter of gay rights. In 2011 it became the first Oxford college to fly the rainbow flag as part of queer week, a celebration of sexual diversity and individuality.Wadham is one of the largest colleges of the University of Oxford, with about 460 undergraduates, 180 graduate students, and 65 fellows.As of 2018, it had an estimated financial endowment of £107 million, and in 2014/2015 ranked 3rd in the Norrington Table, a measure which ranks Oxford colleges by academic performance.

All Souls College

Oxford / Reino Unido

All Souls College é uma faculdade constituinte da Universidade de Oxford, Inglaterra, Reino Unido. Todos os seus membros se tornam automaticamente bolsistas. Não há membros de graduação, mas todos os anos estudantes de pós-graduação e são elegíveis para candidatar-se a bolsas de exame através de um concurso e, para os vários selecionados após os exames, uma entrevista.O All Souls é uma das faculdades mais ricas de Oxford, com uma dotação financeira de 286,4 milhões de libras esterlinas . No entanto, uma vez que a principal fonte de receita da faculdade são doações, ela só ocupa o 19.º lugar entre as faculdades de Oxford em relação à renda total. O All Souls é uma entidade filantrópica registrada de acordo com a lei inglesa.

The Queen's College, Oxford

Oxford / Reino Unido

The Queen's College is a constituent college of the University of Oxford, England. The college was founded in 1341 by Robert de Eglesfield in honour of Queen Philippa of Hainault . It is distinguished by its predominantly neoclassical architecture, which includes buildings designed by Sir Christopher Wren and Nicholas Hawksmoor. In 2018, the college had an endowment of £291 million, making it the fourth-wealthiest college .

Mansfield College, Oxford

Oxford / Reino Unido

Mansfield College, Oxford is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in Oxford, England. The college was founded in Birmingham in 1838 as a college for Nonconformist students. It moved to Oxford in 1886 and was renamed Mansfield College after George Mansfield and his sister Elizabeth. In 1995 a royal charter was awarded giving the institution full college status. The college grounds are located on Mansfield Road, near the centre of Oxford. As of February 2018, the college comprises 231 undergraduates, 158 graduates, 34 visiting students and 67 fellows and academics. The principal of the college since 2018 is Helen Mountfield, a barrister and legal scholar.

Merton College (Oxford)

Oxford / Reino Unido

Merton College é uma das faculdades constituintes da Universidade de Oxford, no Reino Unido.

Oriel College, Oxford

Oxford / Reino Unido

Oriel College is a constituent college of the University of Oxford in Oxford, England. Located in Oriel Square, the college has the distinction of being the oldest royal foundation in Oxford . In recognition of this royal connection, the college has also been historically known as King's College and King's Hall. The reigning monarch of the United Kingdom is the official visitor of the college.The original medieval foundation set up in 1324 by Adam de Brome, under the patronage of Edward II, was called the House or Hall of the Blessed Mary at Oxford. The first design allowed for a provost and ten fellows, called "scholars", and the college remained a small body of graduate fellows until the 16th century, when it started to admit undergraduates. During the English Civil War, Oriel played host to high-ranking members of the King's Oxford Parliament.The main site of the college incorporates four medieval halls: Bedel Hall, St Mary Hall, St Martin Hall, and Tackley's Inn, the last being the earliest property acquired by the college and the oldest standing medieval hall in Oxford. The college has nearly 40 fellows, about 300 undergraduates and some 250 graduates. Oriel was the last of Oxford's men's colleges to admit women in 1985, after more than six centuries as an all-male institution. Today, however, the student body has almost equal numbers of men and women.Oriel's notable alumni include two Nobel laureates; prominent fellows have included founders of the Oxford Movement. Among Oriel's more notable possessions are a painting by Bernard van Orley and three pieces of medieval silver plate. As of 2019, the college's estimated financial endowment was £88.3 million.

Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford

Oxford / Reino Unido

Lady Margaret Hall is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in England, located on the banks of the River Cherwell at Norham Gardens in north Oxford and adjacent to the University Parks. The college is more formally known under its current royal charter as "The Principal and Fellows of the College of the Lady Margaret in the University of Oxford".The college was founded in 1878, closely collaborating with Somerville College. Both colleges opened their doors in 1879 as the first two women's colleges of Oxford. The college began admitting men in 1979. The college has just under 400 undergraduate students, around 200 postgraduate students and 24 visiting students. In 2016, the college became the only college in Oxford or Cambridge to offer a Foundation Year for students from disadvantaged backgrounds. In 2018, Lady Margaret Hall ranked 21st out of 30 in Oxford's Norrington Table, a measurement of the performance of students in finals.The college's colours are blue, yellow and white. The college uses a coat of arms which accompanies the college's motto "Souvent me Souviens", an Old French phrase meaning "I often remember" or "Think of me often", the motto of Lady Margaret Beaufort, for whom the college is named. The current principal of the college is Alan Rusbridger. Notable alumni and students of Lady Margaret Hall include Benazir Bhutto, Michael Gove, Nigella Lawson, Josie Long, Ann Widdecombe and Malala Yousafzai.

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